Aspekte populärer Musik Brasiliens

The Brazilian Choros combines rhythmic gesture, ongoing harmonies and sequences of motives in one single melody. This technique derives from baroque music and can be compared to the suites for cello by J.S.Bach. The Portuguese colonists brought their baroque music with them to Brazil where it later merged with the rhythmic music brought in by the West African slaves. In this means the first original Brazilian music was generated. This article will argue that both musical idioms are not as separated as one may believe

Prevalência de lesões gástricas (úlceras e/ou erosões) e sua relação com possíveis fatores estressantes em potros assintomáticos da raça Quarto de Milha: estudo endoscópico

Gastric ulcer accounts for one of the most important causes of abdominal discomfort in young horses. With the aim of studying the prevalence of lesions (ulcers and/or erosions) and their relationship to factors such as stress, age and sex, sixty quarter horse foals without signs of gastric disease underwent gastroscopy. Foals were divided into four age groups of 15 animals as follows: 1 to 30 days, 31 to 60 days, 61 to 90 days and 91 to 120 days. The prevalence of gastric lesions was 43.3%. Foals aged 61 to ninety days were the most affected (nine of 15). There were no significant differences between ages. Squamous epithelial exfoliation was observed in nine foals (60%) less than thirty days, in six (40%) between 31 to sixty days and only in two foals (6.6%) older than sixty days. Factors regarded as stressful such as high tick infestation (29), respiratory problems (3), skin diseases (3), babesiosis (2), umbilical thickening (1), diarrhea (1), orthopedic problems (1) and laceration with fly larvae (1) had no relationship with lesions. No difference in prevalence by sex was noted.A úlcera gástrica constitui-se numa das mais importantes causas de desconforto abdominal em eqüinos jovens. Com o objetivo de se verificar a prevalência de lesões gástricas (úlceras e/ou erosões) e sua relação com fatores como estresse, idade, e sexo, sessenta potros da raça Quarto de Milha não portadores de sinais clínicos compatíveis com lesões gástricas foram submetidos à gastroscopia. Os potros foram divididos em quatro faixas etárias de 15 animais cada uma, sendo: 1 a 30 dias, 31 a 60 dias, 61 a 90 dias e 91 a 120 dias de idade. A prevalência de lesões gástricas foi de 43,3%. Animais com idade entre 61 a noventa dias foram os mais acometidos. Não houve diferença significativa entre as faixas etárias. Descamações do epitélio aglandular ocorreram em nove potros (60%) entre um e trinta dias, em seis (40%) entre 31 e sessenta dias e em apenas dois (6,6%) com idade superior a sessenta dias. Fatores considerados estressantes, como infestação intensa por carrapatos (29), problemas respiratórios (3), dermatopatias (3), babesiose (2), onfaloflebite (1), diarréia (1), problemas ortopédicos (1) e ferida lacerante com presença de miíase (1) não influenciaram a ocorrência das lesões. Machos e fêmeas foram igualmente acometidos

Localização de lesões (úlceras e/ou erosões) e descamações da mucosa gástrica em potros assintomáticos da raça Quarto de Milha: estudo endoscópico

A úlcera gástrica figura como uma importante causa de desconforto abdominal em eqüinos jovens. De acordo com a localização das lesões na mucosa gástrica, a presença ou ausência de sinais clínicos e possíveis complicações resultantes de sua ocorrência, quatro síndromes clínicas são freqüentemente descritas em potros: 1) Úlceras assintomáticas ou silenciosas; 2) Úlceras sintomáticas ou ativas; 3) Úlceras perfuradas; e 4) Obstruções gástrica ou duodenal. Com o objetivo de se verificar a distribuição de lesões gástricas (úlceras e/ou erosões) e descamações do epitélio aglandular no estômago de eqüinos jovens assim como uma possível relação entre as alterações mencionadas (lesão/descamação) sessenta potros da raça Quarto de Milha não-portadores de sinais clínicos compatíveis com úlceras gástricas foram submetidos à gastroscopia. Os potros foram divididos em quatro faixas etárias de 15 animais cada uma, sendo: 1 a 30 dias, 31 a 60 dias, 61 a 90 dias e 91 a 120 dias de idade. As lesões ocorreram em ordem decrescente de freqüência nas regiões aglandular próximo ao margo plicatus ao longo da curvatura maior, aglandular próximo à cárdia ao longo da curvatura menor, fundo glandular e aglandular e antro. As descamações do epitélio aglandular ocorreram de forma similar nas regiões de fundo e margo plicatus. Não houve associação entre a ocorrência de lesões e descamações.Gastric ulcer accounts for an important cause of abdominal discomfort in young horses. Concerning either the presence or absence of clinical signs and their variations, the lesions location in the gastric mucosa and complications resulting from ulcerative lesions, four clinical syndromes have been described in foals: 1) Asymptomatic or silent ulcers; 2) Symptomatic or active ulcers; 3) Perforated ulcers; and 4) Gastric or duodenal obstruction. With the aim of studying the distribution of lesions (ulcers and/or erosions) and desquamations from the non-glandular epithelium in the gastric mucosa of young horses and a possible relationship between both alterations (lesion/desquamation), sixty Quarter Horse foals without signs of gastric disease underwent gastroscopy. Foals were divided by age in four groups of 15 animals as follows: 1 to 30 days, 31 to 60 days, 61 to 90 days and 91 to 120 days. Lesions were most prevalent in the stratified squamous epithelial mucosa mainly adjacent to the margo plicatus along the greater curvature followed by squamous mucosa next to the cardia along the lesser curvature, glandular and non-glandular fundus and antrum. Regions of the fundus and margo plicatus were similarly affected by desquamations. There was no association between lesions and desquamations occurrence

Evaluation of zinc removal and compressive strength of self-reducing pellets composed of Electric Arc Furnace Dust

The amount of Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) is continuously increasing in mini-mill steel plants. This dust is considered a hazardous waste because of the presence of elements like lead, cadmium and chromium. Among many different treatment processes for this issue, there is the possibility of returning the EAFD back to the Electric Arc Furnace. This article presents a study of the compressive strength of selfreducing cold bonded pellets as well as their zinc removal, in an agglomerate containing EAFD, petroleum coke (PET) and Portland cement. The effects of the reductant and binder employed were discussed. Moreover, an apparatus was built to prevent zinc gas reoxidation inside an electric vertical laboratory furnace. Thus, the fraction of weight loss complemented the result of a previous study indicating the optimal content of PET source usage between 10 to 15%, in mass. Zinc removal and additional X Ray Diffraction outcomes are shown and discussed, concluding that 80% of zinc removal for this system could indicate the possibility of the EAFD reuse

Absorção de mercúrio por Trichoderma sp isolado de castanha do Brasil e de solo amazônico

Mercury is an inorganic contaminant with serious harmful consequences to the environment. There has been a continuous rise in its level due to industrialization and other anthropogenic activities, such as the burning of coal and petroleum products, use of mercurial fungicides in agriculture and mercury catalyst in industries, and production of waste by paper industries. Five strains of Trichoderma sp., a filamentous fungi, were used in this study to evaluate their resistance to high concentrations of mercury for the purpose of using them for bioremediation. The solid culture medium used was prepared with malt agar 2% with pH 7.0 in which the strains of Trichoderma sp. were inoculated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the selected Trichoderma sp. isolates was calculated considering the time for growth and concentration of the mercury salt (Hg(NO3)2). At a mercury concentration of 50 mg/mL, maximum growth was first observed in TCH 1 (89.42 ± 0.63 mm) followed by TCH 2 isolate (87.33 ± 0.58 mm). At this concentration, all isolates reached the maximum mycelia growth. When the concentration of 200 mg/L Hg(NO3)2 was used, complete growth inhibition of the isolates was observed. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that differences in sporulation between the control and mercury treatment groups. In conclusion, it can be stated that Trichoderma isolates have great potential for bioremediation of sources contaminated with mercury.O mercúrio é um metal pesado com sérias consequências nocivas ao meio ambiente. Cinco linhagens de Trichoderma sp. foram isoladas de castanha do Brasil através de cultivo em meio específico. O meio para a cultura de fungos foi preparado com meio malte-ágar 2% com pH 7,0, no qual as cepas de Trichoderma sp. foram inoculadas. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) dos isolados selecionados de Trichoderma foi calculada. O crescimento máximo ocorreu em TCH 1 com mercúrio 50 mg/mL (89,42±0,63 mm) seguido pelo isolado de TCH 2 (87,33±0,58 mm). Nesta concentração, todos os isolados atingiram o máximo de crescimento micelial. Quando a concentração de 200 mg/L de Hg(NO3)2 foi usada, ocorreu inibição completa do crescimento. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura confirmou as diferenças na esporulação entre o controle e o tratamento com mercúrio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência do Trichoderma a altas concentrações de mercúrio com o objetivo de usá-lo para biorremediação. Concluindo, pode-se afirmar que os isolados de Trichoderma têm grande potencial no sentido de serem utilizados na biorremediação de fontes contaminadas pelo mercúri

Analysis and verification of process variables as causes for macroinclusions and scrapping in a special steel melt shop

The technology used in manufacturing steel for mechanical constructions has made great progress in recent years, resulting in a remarkable reduction of the impurities in special steel. One of these impurities is known as macroinclusion, the presence of which can cause serious defects in the steel structure. In a melt shop, where the semi-finished product is formed, there are several variables that can cause the formation of impurities in the steel and must be controlled. Therefore, by analyzing the influence of the primary melt shop variables, including: the iron and manganese oxides of the ladle slag (FeO+MnO), the stopper rod level variation and the argon pressure in the shroud between ladle and tundish in continuous casting; it was possible to establish a relationship between scrap generation and these process variables, through the creation of an investigation method. As result it was possible to identify the scrapping relationship with the presence of high FeO and MnO contents in the slag, during ladle furnace starting operations, along with stopper rod level variation in the tundish

Self-reducing pellets composed of wastes from steelmaking production for their recycling

This paper presents a study about the recycling of a mixture of EAF filter dust and mill scale; and slag, in the form of self-reducing pellets. At first, chemical and morphological characteristics of the material were investigated. Pelletizing was carried out manually, with the use of graphite 100% fixed carbon and molasses as binder with moisture. The results of reduction tests under the temperature of 1200 ºC for the wastes could be analyzed according to the use of different contents of reducing agent, time and mass loss. It was found that 20% of the carbonaceous material was the best configuration for a maximum mass loss, for both wastes. Furthermore, the pellets composed of stainless steel slag, added to the metallic bath presented a chromium recovery of around 95%, indicating its potential reuse

Estudo de biofilmes de kefir associado com gérmen de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril)

The aim of this study was to investigate biofilm formation with kefir grains in the presence of soy extract. Kefir grains and soy germs at different concentrations were grown in the culture medium comprising brown sugar solution (40 gl-1) for 20 days. Biofilms that formed in this period were then removed and the pH of the culture medium were measured. Isoflavones of the medium of culture were extracted and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The superficial properties of the selected biofilms were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The culture medium after 20 days was found to have 19.59±3.57 µgl-1 of glycitein and 23.86±2.21 µgl-1 of genistein. The best concentration of kefir grains in order to extract isoflavone was 40 gl-1, with yield levels at 11.67 µgl-1 of glycitein and 17.78 µgl-1 of genistein. The analysis by AFM and SEM confirmed the increased roughness of the biofilm, dependent of the concentration of the amount of kefir grains. It is suggested that the biofilms incorporated the isoflavones and has potential for therapeutic applications in several pathologies wherein it is necessary the antioxidative processes.O principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a formação de biofilme com grãos de kefir na presença de extrato de soja. Diferentes concentrações de grãos de kefir e de gérmen de soja foram cultivados em meio de cultura constituido de solução de acúcar mascavo (40 gl-1) durante 20 dias. Os biofilmes formados neste período foram então removidos tendo sido determinado o pH do meio de cultura. As isoflavonas do meio de cultura foram extraidas e quantificadas por Cromotografia Líquida de Alta Perfomance (CLAP).  As propriedades superficiais dos biofilmes selecionados foram analisadas por microscopia de força atômica (AFM) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). O meio de cultura após 20 dias apresentou 19,59±3,57 µgl-1 de gliciteína e 23,86±2,21 µgl-1 de genisteína. A melhor concentração de grãos de kefir para extração de isoflavona foi de 40 gl-1, com níveis de rendimento de 11,67 µgl-1 de gliciteína e 17,78 µgl-1 de genisteína. A análise por AFM e MEV confirmou o aumento da rugosidade do biofilme, dependente da concentração da quantidade de grãos de kefir. Sugere-se que os biofilmes incorporam as isoflavonas e tem potencial para aplicações terapêuticas em diversas patologias em que se faz necessário os processos antioxidantes

Strategic control and value added in the business model among logistics operators set in Brazil

O presente artigo objetiva caracterizar a proposta de valor e o controle estratégico utilizado no modelo de negócio das principais Operadores Logísticos (OL) de empresas de logística, sediadas no país. Para tanto, utilizou-se de uma amostra por disponibilidade, conveniência e acessibilidade, dos principais OLs brasileiros. Foram enviados 285 questionários, respondidos 206 e considerados apenas 185 para tratamento estatístico descritivo. Os principais resultados indicam que os OLs pesquisados diferem em suas propostas de valor e controle estratégico em função de seu porte típico. Grandes OLs oferecem pacotes completos de serviços logísticos extras, enquanto médios comprometem-se co serviços, dentro de um grau permissível de terceirizações e pequenos OLs modelam seus negócios apenas pelo que lhes permite sua especialidade. Conclui-se que o modelo de negócio dos OLs sediados no país varia tanto na forma e na natureza, quanto no volume de suas propostas de valor, que se enquadram dentro do conceito de superserviços, serviços por conveniência e serviços por especialidade, respectivamente. O controle estratégico, porém, é diversificado e orienta-se por razões de capacidade racional de suas estruturas, nos OLs de grande e médio portes e por razões de especialidade nos de pequeno porte.This paper aims at characterize the strategic control and value added in busisness model among Logistics Operators (LO) set in Brazil. To do this we use a sample of the logistics enterprises population, set in Brazil, by availability, convenience, and accessibility, among the main Brazilian LOs. We mail 285 questionaires to the selected LOs and received back 185 thoroughly answered, which were statically processed. Main results indicate that LOs surveyed clearly differ regarding value added and strategic control as per their tipical size. Big LOs offer complete extra logistic pack, while middle size LOs compromise with services within a limited outsourced degree of functions and low size LOs cast their business under their own specialties. We may conclude that business model of LOs set in Brazil varies in format and nature as well as in amount of value added, which fit within the concept of superservices, services by convenience and services by specialty, respectively. The strategic control, however, is diversified among LOs and big and middle size LOs use the rationality of their structures to guarantee control, while small LOs use their especialty